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These advanced steps are for system administrators and others who are familiar with the command line.

Create a FileVault master keychain

How to create, save and print a document on a Mac. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. With your Excel document open click on the cell where you want to create the hyperlink and under the Insert tab click on the Hyperlink button. The Insert Hyperlink dialog box will pop up and here is where you want to add the text to display and browse to the location of the file you want to link to.

1. Open the Terminal app on your Mac, then enter this command:
   
2. When prompted, enter the master password for the new keychain, then enter it again when prompted to retype. Terminal doesn't show the password as you type.
3. A key pair is generated, and a file named FileVaultMaster.keychain is saved to your desktop. Copy this file to a secure location, such an encrypted disk image on an external drive. This secure copy is the private recovery key that can unlock the startup disk of any Mac set up to use the FileVault master keychain. It is not for distribution.

In the next section, you will update the FileVaultMaster.keychain file that is still on your desktop. You can then deploy that keychain to Mac computers in your organization.

Remove the private key from the master keychain

After creating the FileVault master keychain, follow these steps to prepare a copy of it for deployment:

1. Double-click the FileVaultMaster.keychain file on your desktop. The Keychain Access app opens.
2. In the Keychain Access sidebar, select FileVaultMaster. If you see more than two items listed on the right, select another keychain in the sidebar, then select FileVaultMaster again to refresh the list.
3. If the FileVaultMaster keychain is locked, click in the upper-left corner of Keychain Access, then enter the master password you created.
4. From the two items shown on the right, select the one identified as 'private key' in the Kind column:
   
5. Delete the private key: Choose Edit > Delete from the menu bar, enter the keychain master password, then click Delete when asked to confirm.
6. Quit Keychain Access.

Now that the master keychain on your desktop no longer contains the private key, it's ready for deployment.

Deploy the updated master keychain on each Mac

After removing the private key from the keychain, follow these steps on each Mac that you want to be able to unlock with your private key.

1. Put a copy of the updated FileVaultMaster.keychain file in the /Library/Keychains/ folder.
2. Open the Terminal app and enter both of the following commands. These commands make sure that the file's permissions are set to -rw-r--r-- and the file is owned by root and assigned to the group named wheel.
   
3. If FileVault is already turned on, enter this command in Terminal:
   
4. If FileVault is turned off, open Security & Privacy preferences and turn on FileVault. You should see a message that a recovery key has been set by your company, school, or organization. Click Continue.
   

How do you type plus or minus on a mac. This completes the process. If a user forgets their macOS user account password and can't log in to their Mac, you can use the private key to unlock their disk.

Use the private key to unlock a user's startup disk

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If a user forgot their account password and can't log in to their Mac, you can use the private recovery key to unlock their startup disk and access its FileVault-encrypted data.

1. On the client Mac, start up from macOS Recovery by holding Command-R during startup.
2. If you don't know the name (such as Macintosh HD) and format of the startup disk, open Disk Utility from the macOS Utilities window, then check the information Disk Utility shows for that volume on the right. If you see 'CoreStorage Logical Volume Group' instead of 'APFS Volume' or 'Mac OS Extended,' the format is Mac OS Extended. You will need this information in a later step. Quit Disk Utility when done.
3. Connect the external drive that contains the private recovery key.
4. From the menu bar in macOS Recovery, choose Utilities > Terminal.
5. If you stored the private recovery key in an encrypted disk image, use the following command in Terminal to mount that image. Replace /path with the path to the disk image, including the .dmg filename extension:
   Example for a disk image named PrivateKey.dmg on a volume named ThumbDrive:
   hdiutil attach /Volumes/ThumbDrive/PrivateKey.dmg
6. Use the following command to unlock the FileVault master keychain. Replace /path with the path to FileVaultMaster.keychain on the external drive. In this step and all remaining steps, if the keychain is stored in an encrypted disk image, remember to include the name of that image in the path.
   Example for a volume named ThumbDrive:
   security unlock-keychain /Volumes/ThumbDrive/FileVaultMaster.keychain
   
7. Enter the master password to unlock the startup disk. If the password is accepted, the command prompt returns.

Continue as described below, based on how the user's startup disk is formatted.

APFS

Mac mouse macro. If the startup disk is formatted for APFS, complete these additional steps:

1. Enter the following command to unlock the encrypted startup disk. Replace 'name' with the name of the startup volume, and replace /path with the path to FileVaultMaster.keychain on the external drive or disk image:
   Example for a startup volume named Macintosh HD and a recovery-key volume named ThumbDrive:
   diskutil ap unlockVolume 'Macintosh HD' -recoveryKeychain /Volumes/ThumbDrive/FileVaultMaster.keychain
2. Enter the master password to unlock the keychain and mount the startup disk.
3. Use command-line tools such as ditto to back up the data on the disk, or quit Terminal and use Disk Utility.

Mac OS Extended (HFS Plus)

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If the startup disk is formatted for Mac OS Extended, complete these additional steps:

1. Enter this command to get a list of drives and CoreStorage volumes:
   
2. Select the UUID that appears after 'Logical Volume,' then copy it for use in a later step.
   Example: +-> Logical Volume 2F227AED-1398-42F8-804D-882199ABA66B
   
3. Use the following command to unlock the encrypted startup disk. Replace UUID with the UUID you copied in the previous step, and replace /path with the path to FileVaultMaster.keychain on the external drive or disk image:
   Example for a recovery-key volume named ThumbDrive:
   diskutil cs unlockVolume 2F227AED-1398-42F8-804D-882199ABA66B -recoveryKeychain /Volumes/ThumbDrive/FileVaultMaster.keychain
4. Enter the master password to unlock the keychain and mount the startup disk.
5. Use command-line tools such as ditto to back up the data on the disk. Or quit Terminal and use Disk Utility. Or use the following command to decrypt the unlocked disk and start up from it.
   Example for a recovery-key volume named ThumbDrive:
   diskutil cs decryptVolume 2F227AED-1398-42F8-804D-882199ABA66B -recoveryKeychain /Volumes/ThumbDrive/FileVaultMaster.keychain